Pan laws and stereo placement
When a mono source moves between speakers, its perceived loudness changes unless the gains follow a pan law. ferraus uses constant power by default.
--law | Center gain per side | Notes |
|---|---|---|
-3dB (default) | -3 dB | constant power: summed power is the same at every position |
-4.5dB | -4.5 dB | compromise used by some consoles |
-6dB | -6 dB | constant amplitude: mono-compatible sum at the center |
linear | -6 dB, linear ramp | simple crossfade |
Positions run from -100 (hard left) through 0 (center) to +100 (hard right); left,
center, right, L30, R60 also work.
pan --mode panplaces a mono (or mono-summed) source.--mode balancescales the channels of a stereo source instead, keeping its image.- Movement:
pan --points 0s=-100,4s=0,8s=100 --curve splineor--from -100 --to 100 --over 0s..end. - Cyclic movement:
autopan --rate 1/2(beats) or--rate 0.5Hz. - While mixing:
mix vox.wav gtr.wav keys.wav --gains 0dB,-3dB,-6dB --pans 0,-40,+40. widen --amount 130% --mono-below 120Hzwidens the image but keeps the bass mono.